Cursus Algebra (1) |
fig.1 |
fig.2 |
fig.3 |
fig.4 |
fig.5 |
regel | voorbeeld |
+ + = + | (+5) + (+4) = 5 + 4 = 9 |
+ - = - | (+5) + (-4) = 5 - 4 = 1 |
- + = - | (+5) - (+4) = 5 - 4 = 1 |
- - = + | (+5) - (-4) = 5 + 4 = 9 |
a - b = a + (-b) |
fig.6 |
3 . (-1) = (-3) |
2 . (-1) = (-2) |
1 . (-1) = (-1) |
0 . (-1) = ( 0) |
(-1) . (-1) = 1 |
(-2) . (-1) = 2 |
fig.7 |
regel | voorbeeld |
+ . + = + | (+5).(+4) = 20 |
+ . - = - | (+5).(-4) = (-20) |
- . + = - | (-5).(+4) = (-20) |
- . - = + | (-5).(-4) = 20 |
1 |
5 |
1 |
5 |
1 |
5 |
−1 |
1 |
1 |
5 |
−1 |
5 |
−1 |
5 |
−1 · −1 |
−1 · 5 |
1 |
−5 |
a |
b |
−a |
b |
a |
−b |
regel | voorbeeld |
+ / + = + | (+10)/(+5) = 2 |
+ / - = - | (+10)/(-5) = (-2) |
- / + = - | (-10)/(+5) = (-2) |
- / - = + | (-10)/(-5) = 2 |
1 |
7 |
3 |
7 |
2 |
7 |
1 |
7 |
1 |
7 |
5 |
7 |
a + b = b + a |
a.b = b.a |
(a + b) + c = a + (b + c) |
(a.b).c = a.(b.c) |
a(b + c) = ab + ac |
ab + ac = a(b + c) |
de volgorde van termen mag willekeurig worden gewijzigd. |
ap.aq = ap+q |
a 5 |
a 3 |
|
a 7 |
a 3 |
k 3 |
k |
de volgorde van factoren mag willekeurig worden gewijzigd |
9 + 4 + 7 | = | 15 + 5 |
9 + 4 + 7 + 100 | = | 15 + 5 + 100 |
termen mogen over het "=" teken worden getild als hun teken wordt omgedraaid |
p q |
b |
1 |
b |
1 |
b |
p q |
b |
1 |
b |
b |
1 |
1 |
b |
b |
b |
factoren mogen over het "=" teken worden getild als teller en noemer van plaats wisselen. |
p |
1 |
v w |
x y |
v w |
y |
v w |
b y |
v w |
b y a |
H.P |
R |
| = |
|
I.R |
P T |
3 |
7 |
10 |
7 |
7 |
10 |
10 |
7 |
7 |
10 |
3 y − 10 |
12 − y |
12 x + 10 |
x + 3 |
figuur 8. |
figuur 9. |
(b + x) h |
2 |
x h |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
b h |
2 |
einde algebra deel 1
figuur 10. |